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Your ubuntu desktop crash or you make some changes in Ubuntu Desktop that require restarting the X Server. To restart the Xserver without rebooting we usually use the key combination Ctrl + Alt + Backspace, but, since Ubuntu 9.04, this key combination has been disabled by default, to eliminate the problem of accidentally triggering the restart.
To Enable key combination Ctrl + Alt + Backspace in Ubuntu 12.04 LTS, if you are using unity go to Unity dash type “Keyboard Layout” or System Setting -> Keyboard Layout -> Options expand “Key Sequence to Kill X Server” then check it:
Done, now you can restart X-Server Ubuntu 12.04 with key combination Ctrl + Alt + Backspace without rebooting.
To restart Ubuntu X Server without rebooting, you can also use following commands:
sudo restart lightdm
or
sudo service lightdm restart
By execute command above, Your desktop will disappear for a few moments and it will reload back, if you are still using Ubuntu 11.04 or older, run command below on terminal to restart X-Server:
sudo restart gdm
or
sudo service gdm restart
This command may also work for all Ubuntu versions:
sudo pkill X
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