The following are useful command line procedures for the Sophos UTM platform.

Application Control Log (V9.3)

The application control log only lists the application ID. For example, this log excerpt shows app=”127″:

# tail -f /var/log/afc.log


2015:06:02-11:07:20 utm205 ulogd[22627]: id=”2017″ ... sub=”packetfilter” name=”AFC Alert” action=”log” fwrule=”2″ outitf=”eth1″ mark=”0x307f” app=”127″...

What application is this rule about?

Application Flow Control uses a lookup file to translate the app number to a text name. On version 9.312, this lookup file can be found at:

/var/sec/chroot-afc/etc/afc/plugin.conf

However, Sophos includes a handy tool to make watching your logs in realtime easier. Let's use:

tail -f /var/log/afc.log | afc-mark-filter.pl

And now the log has the text label added to the end of the log line:

afcname=DROPBOX

Packet Filter Commands

To view automatic firewall rules from command line:

# iptables -L AUTO_FORWARD

Packet Filter

# iptables -L -nv

Clear Buffer Memory ( Useful for any Linux)

free -k; sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches; free -k

Memory Leak Observation

slabtop -d 60 -s c

Run Astaro HTTP proxy database locally

1. Connect through ssh to ASG and login with loginuser
2. su – root
3. cc set http sc_local_db [disk][mem][none] (Choose what you prefer, the best is to redirect to RAM using mem, but only for RAM > 1GB)
4. Restart the http proxy by using: /var/mdw/scripts/httpproxy restart

Websurfing will be extremely slow until the database has downloaded and been put into place. The time is link speed dependent.

In case it is not obvious, all the start scripts are in /var/mdw/scripts/

View the link speed for the ASG’s interfaces?

ifstat

Bandwidth usage – IFTOP

Sophos UTM also offers the command iftop to see the live traffic and traffic statistics. One can see the traffic live on an interface for Source Host, Destination Host, and Ports. The peak and accumulative traffic is also displayed.

Example:

root # iftop -i eth1



General commands:


-n – toggle DNS host resolution


-P – pause display


-s – toggle show source host


—h – toggle this help display


-d – toggle show destination host


—b – toggle bar graph display


-t – cycle line display mode


–B – cycle bar graph average


-T – toggle cummulative line totals


Port display: 


-j/k – scroll display


-N – toggle service resolution


—f – edit filter code


-S – toggle show source port


-l – set screen filter


-D – toggle show destination port


-L – lin/log scales
-p – toggle port display


-! – shell command


-q – quit


Sorting:


1/2/3 – sort by 1st/2nd/3rd column


< – sort by source name


> – sort by dest name


o – freeze current order

Concurrent Connections

sysctl -w net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_tcp_timeout_establ ished=86400

Number of established connections

less /proc/net/ip_conntrack | grep ESTA | wc -l

Number of all connections

less /proc/net/ip_conntrack | wc -l

Number of connections with status WAIT (close_wait)

less /proc/net/ip_conntrack | grep WAIT | wc –l

Saving Snapshots of TOP automatically every half hour

Create a cron job that contains the following command:

top -b -n 1 >> /tmp/top-report.txt

Create an entry for each CPU core, and possibly another if the CPU(s) has hyperthreading:

cat /proc/cpuinfo

Stopped and started again the HTTP proxy

/var/mdw/scripts/httpproxy stop


/var/mdw/scripts/httpproxy start

Restarting MiddleWare

service mdw restart (from root)

Warning: it doesn’t cause a complete reboot, but it does cause an HA failover, interruption of any up/downloads and VoIP calls, etc.

HDD (Hardisk)

Find what is taking the space type:

df –h

• df will only tell you how full the disk is.
• du will tell you what files/folders are using the most space.

We recommend the following commands to find the offending directories:

cd /var/storage


du -sh *

What kind of CPU

cat /proc/cpuinfo

Determine if the disk is overloaded

vmstat -d 5


or


vmstat -d | head -2 ; vmstat -d 5 | grep hda

If hda is your hard disk; sda for SCSI. That should have similar output. The ‘5’ is 5 second updates.

You will have to look at the differences between the lines to figure out how many IO’s you’re getting in those 5 seconds, and whether you’re saturating the disk or not.

See detailed info about your eth

# ethtool eth1


or


-mii-diag eth1

Webadmin passwd lost

A user may use the following commands to reset the system passwords:

cc


RAW


system_password_reset


Ctrl+C

Upon saving the file and exiting, the admin may immediately navigate to WebAdmin and re-specify all passwords for the system accounts of Astaro Security Linux.

DNS Flush cache option missing in V7 and above

The current workaround is to restart the DNS proxy from the command line as root with the following command:

/var/mdw/scripts/named restart

To change version number

Login on Sophos UTM as loginuser:

su


edit /etc/version

Save the file and then restart the ASG so the new version is displayed in Webadmin dashboard.

Change NIC order

Login on Sophos UTM as loginuser:

su


edit /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

Save the file and restart the ASG so the new order is loaded.

Locked out – How to regain all logins V7.2

• Shutdown the firewall and connect a screen and a keyboard to the firewall.
• Power on the firewall, wait until the GRUB-loader starts and press ESC.
• Select Astaro Security Gateway 7.2 (Not previous or rescue!).
• Press e to edit and select the 2nd entry.
• Press e once again and enter init=/bin/bash.
• Press ENTER and b to boot up.
• Now you are able to change the passwords for loginuser and root.
• After that press CTRL + ALT + DEL to reboot the system and wait until you get the login prompt

Reset to factory settings

Login the command-line as loginuser, afterwards as root and enter following commands to restore to factory settings:

cc [Press ENTER]


RAW [Press ENTER]


system_factory_reset [Press ENTER]

The system will automatically shutdown when it’s finished.